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Archaeological excavations at sites throughout Lebanon have revealed that socio-economic inequality increased significantly during the Iron Age as Phoenician society became increasingly complex in terms of both political and social organisation. However, despite a considerable divide between rich and poor, with the vast majority of a city’s wealth being controlled by the king, various priesthoods, and the aristocracy, there is little evidence for political tensions between the various social classes.

In contrast to the Greeks, who colonised Sicily in order to gain direct control of its agricultural land and resources, the Phoenicians settled on the island because its location allowed them to dominate the newly established markets and trade routes in North Africa, Italy and Iberia.