Avrupa

Göndermeler

Bloch'dan

Outside Europe, in distant Japan, it so happened that a system of personal and territorial subordination, very similar to Western feudalism, was gradually formed over against a monarchy which, as in the West, was much older than itself. But there the two institutions coexisted without interpenetration. Batı'da olduğu gibi kendisinden çok daha eski olan bir monarşi karşısında Batı feodalizmine çok benzeyen kişisel ve teritoryal bir tahakküm düzeninin aşama aşama biçimlenmesi hasbelkader Avrupa dışında, uzaklarda Japonya'da yaşandı. Ama orada iki kurum bir birinin içine geçmeden bir arada bulundu. (Çev. DrOS)

Diğer

In the 1930s, the social scientist Frederick Teggart looked at the Eurasian connections between Rome and Han and their shared problem with “barbarians” on the frontiers; he wrote a book attempting to explain what he saw as correlations between Eastern and Western history. Wars in the Roman east and barbarian invasions along the Danube and Rhine were ultimately the result, Teggart argued, of policies of the Han government. How? Through trade and nomadic migrations. Wars in the Tarim Basin disrupted trade that would have passed through Parthia, which in turn made trouble on the eastern Roman frontier in Armenia. Likewise, Han policies to split the Xiongnu set tribes in motion across the steppe to Russia, who in turn drove other “barbarian” tribes before them, right up to the Roman northern frontier in Europe.